Probability of conception on day 22 of the cycle. Signs and symptoms of pregnancy on different days of the cycle. Methods for determining favorable days

Menstruation on days 22-24 of the cycle is considered a sign of a good female body. Deviation up or down by 3 days is allowed. In general, even a delay of a week can be justified and not always alarming. By now, the female body has been studied so well that it would seem that there should be no questions about the duration of the menstrual cycle. However, some girls are concerned whether it is normal or not if menstruation begins on days 22-24.

Cyclic transformations occur in the female body every month. During the first 10-15 days, he prepares for a future pregnancy; during the next 11-16 days, he tries to preserve it or tear off the unusable layer of the endometrium in order to begin a new stage. Conventionally, the cycle is divided into 2 parts. In the middle, this is 1-2 days, ovulation occurs. The egg leaves the follicle in search of sperm.

The reproductive system works according to certain standards. That is, it takes 10 to 15 days for the egg to mature. The speed of maturation may differ in each cycle, depending on internal and external factors. Under constant living conditions of a woman, lability of the psycho-emotional background, the egg leaves the follicle at regular intervals. For example, every month on the 11th day of the cycle. Ovulation lasts from 12 to 24 hours. From the 13th day, the second phase begins, which also lasts 10 days. It is considered normal if menstruation occurs 12-16 days after ovulation. By summing up simple calculations, you can see that a duration of 22 days is considered normal.

Reasons for deviations

The female body is constantly under the influence of internal,
external factors. Under their influence, the hormonal background changes, which is responsible for all transformations associated with the menstrual cycle, menstruation, and pregnancy. Failures for 7 days or more, up or down, are already considered a pathology; it is necessary to understand the reasons. Factors that disrupt the cycle are:

1. Stress, nervous tension;
2. Viral diseases, acute respiratory infections, diseases of internal organs;
3. Taking medications;
4. Contraception;
5. Hormonal pills;
6. Diseases of the central nervous system;
7. Pathologies of the thyroid gland;
8. Hard physical labor;
9. Gynecological diseases;
10. Change of climatic conditions, time zone;
11. Changes in sex life;
12. Pregnancy;
13. Abortion;
14. Excess weight, excessive thinness.

There are a huge number of factors affecting the menstrual cycle, but there is only one reason – changes in hormonal levels. In most cases, specialists solve the problem of irregular periods using hormonal medications. With the help of tablets, the cycle is adjusted to certain limits. The woman takes the pills for 22 days, then takes a break for a week. Menstruation begins the day after taking the last pill, or every other day.

The cycle on Duphaston has been shortened

The active substance of the drug is a synthetic analogue natural male hormone - progesterone. Its deficiency in the second phase of the cycle leads to a delay in menstruation, cycle disruption, and changes in the nature of menstrual flow. To compensate for the lack of hormones, the drug is prescribed at 23-30 mg per day from the second phase. The duration of therapy depends on the cause of the lack of natural hormone in the female body. Typically lasts 3-6 months.

Duphaston does not suppress ovulation, does not affect the development of the egg, or the level of estrogen. All processes in the first phase occur without changes. Duphaston begins to be taken immediately after ovulation in order to regulate natural functions. Under the influence of the tablets, the endometrial layer loosens, the uterus prepares for rejection, and blood flows to the pelvic organs. After 10 days of treatment, take a break. Progesterone levels drop sharply and menstruation begins.

If a woman ovulates on day 11, she takes pills for 10 days, the appearance of menstruation on days 22-24 of the cycle is quite normal. But, there is a situation when, under the influence of Duphaston, the cycle is shortened even more. For example, after taking 5 tablets, menstruation begins. In this case, treatment is stopped; the situation indicates that the hormone deficiency has replenished very quickly. There is no point in continuing further treatment. In most cases, Duphaston regulates the duration of the menstrual cycle. It is necessary to take pills under the supervision of a specialist.

Menstruation on days 22-24 of the cycle in Utrozhestan

The drug is an analogue of Duphaston and is a synthetic analogue of natural progesterone. Prescribed for hormonal cycle disorders associated with a deficiency of second-phase hormones, miscarriage, and also for too much estrogen. The active components influence the production of estrogens and regulate the natural processes of reproductive functions in the first and second phases. The standard regimen for taking pills is from days 16 to 26.

It is quite natural that under the influence of a hormonal drug the duration of the menstrual cycle changes. If your period comes on days 22-24, there is nothing strange about it; on the contrary, you can calm down. The course of therapy is regulated by a specialist, depending on the cause of the hormonal imbalance, ranging from 3 months to six months.

Can pregnancy occur on days 22-24 of the cycle?

Pregnancy is possible only when ovulation occurs. Consequently, its onset depends on the day the egg leaves the follicle. If the menstrual cycle is disrupted, ovulation occurs on different days - earlier or later than the established period. Pregnancy on days 22-24 of the cycle is possible. In the absence of menstruation these days, we can assume that conception has occurred and the pregnancy is developing safely. If uncharacteristic bleeding occurs, pain appears in the lower abdomen, lower back, weakness, or deterioration in health, you should consult a specialist. Heavy periods can cause an ectopic pregnancy or premature miscarriage. If in the second case the body is able to cleanse itself, with an ectopic pregnancy the situation threatens with serious complications, death from internal hemorrhage.

A woman feels signs of pregnancy even before the test shows a positive result. Changes in well-being begin after the fertilized egg attaches to the walls of the uterus. This takes approximately 7 days after meeting the sperm. Women who are attentive to their bodies notice changes immediately, but do not attach much importance to them. The situation is complicated by the fact that these signs are similar to the manifestations of premenstrual syndrome. Therefore, the presence of 2 stripes on the test is considered a clear symptom. However, the result can be considered reliable if there is a delay of at least 7 days. That is, there is no point in conducting a test on the 22nd day of the cycle.

As for the question - is it possible to get pregnant on days 22-24 of the cycle, theoretically - no. In practice, yes, given the complexity of the female body and the instability of the monthly cycle. Modern gynecologists say that there are no safe days in the cycle. Conception is possible even during menstruation. Sex should be safe.

Pay attention! If your period comes on days 22-24 of your cycle, you don’t have to worry about anything, enjoy life and good health. If the menstrual cycle shortens under the influence of hormonal drugs, after the end of therapy, the menstrual cycle will gradually become the same as it was before. A deviation of 7 days in one direction or the other is not considered a pathology.

Many couples who refuse contraception think that they will immediately become pregnant. In fact, preparing the body, especially the woman’s body, for conception is a cycle. You are most likely to get pregnant only on certain days of your cycle. At the same time, it is necessary to comply with such conditions as refusal of contraception and the complete reproductive health of the woman and man entering into sexual intercourse.

On what days of the cycle can you get pregnant?

To understand which days of the cycle are ideal for conceiving a child, it is important to understand the functioning of the woman’s reproductive system. On the first day of menstruation, follicles begin to grow on the ovary. They are sacs in which eggs grow and mature one at a time. After about a week, one of the follicles is identified, which continues to grow. Other follicles freeze in their development.

With a 28-day menstrual cycle, which is counted from the first day of menstruation, on the 14th day the follicle bursts and an egg is released from it. With a 35-day cycle, this occurs on the 17th day. The uterine or fallopian tube is the “tunnel” through which the egg moves into the uterine cavity.

It turns out that it is most likely to become pregnant, subject to the other conditions described above, in the middle of the cycle. That is, with a 28-day menstrual cycle, the most likely days of conception are days 14 and 15. With a 35-day cycle, these are the 17th and 18th days of the menstrual cycle, respectively. Having sex on other days is much less likely to result in conception.

There is also a chance of getting pregnant on other days that are in close proximity to the optimal days for conception. This is explained by the fact that the egg in a woman’s body lives from 24 to 48 hours. It is also necessary to take into account that after completion of sexual intercourse, sperm can remain active in a woman’s body for up to 7, in some cases even up to ten days.

Every pregnant woman looks forward to the moment when she can see her baby. Thanks to widespread use, it has become much easier for women to fulfill this desire.

Why is it possible to get pregnant during ovulation?

It is after ovulation that the egg begins its journey through the fallopian tube to the uterus. It is in the fallopian tube that conception most often occurs. Sperm move first into the cervical canal, then into its cavity, and then into the tubes.

This is interesting to know! Sperm move at a speed of about 2 mm per hour. It seems to be very slow, but there are a huge number of obstacles on their way. Most sperm die without passing through the acidic environment of the vagina, which is detrimental to them. Then a small part passes through the mucus of the cervical canal and the uterine cavity. Only a few reach the tube where the egg is located after ovulation.

The lifespan of an egg is only in some cases several days; as a rule, it is only a few hours. That is why the most favorable time for conception is the period of ovulation with some deviations forward or backward.

Pay attention! Since the lifespan of an egg is shorter than that of sperm, it is preferable to have sex before ovulation rather than after it. Spermatozoa are more tenacious and in the cavity of the fallopian tube they can wait for the egg longer than it can wait for them.

How to determine the day of ovulation

To summarize, we can say that the fertile period or the period of greatest probability of occurrence is the day of ovulation, as well as several days before and after it. Ovulation occurs every month in the middle of the cycle, but what are the possibilities for determining the exact period of its occurrence.

Possible methods for determining ovulation:

• Calendar. Suitable for those women who have a regular cycle. With the calendar method, the day of ovulation is considered to be the middle, the 14th day of the menstrual cycle before the start of the next menstruation. This method has been proven over the years, but is unreliable and the probability of error is very high;
• Rectal temperature measurement. The method is based on regular measurement of temperature in the rectum. The day after ovulation, the temperature increases by 0.2-0.4 degrees. The disadvantages of this method include the not very pleasant process of the procedure itself. Various side effects may also affect the results;

• Home ovulation test. You can buy it at the pharmacy, a fairly new way of family planning. The accuracy of the test is very high. It shows the level of luteinizing hormone, which is considered a precursor to ovulation. A sharp increase in the hormone indicates that ovulation should occur in the next 24 hours;
• Ultrasound. Clinical and precise method. The disadvantages include the fact that it detects the fact of ovulation, but does not predict its possibility. You will need to visit the clinic 4-5 days in a row;
• Tests at the antenatal clinic. In the middle of the cycle, you can contact a gynecologist so that he can determine the date of ovulation using an analysis of mucus from the cervix. The break here will be two to three days. Just before ovulation, vaginal mucus becomes thin and transparent. If you rub the mucus between your fingers, it will not break immediately;
• Monitoring all symptoms. If you successfully combine the calendar method and measuring basal temperature, as well as observing mucus, you can determine the period of ovulation with great accuracy;

Is it possible to get pregnant before and after menstruation?

The likelihood of conception during this period is very low. It is believed that 2-3 days before the onset of menstruation and after their end are the most unfavorable days of the cycle for conception. But every woman’s body is individual, so conception is possible at any time during the cycle. Some doctors recommend that couples who want to conceive have sex every other day between the 10th and 18th day of their menstrual cycle.

Four or more sexual acts per week constitute the optimal rhythm for conception. This rhythm can appear when a woman becomes pregnant and in the period before or after menstruation. Statistics say that the probability of conceiving and becoming pregnant within one menstrual cycle is 20%.

Pregnancy during menstruation

Pregnancy during your period is unlikely, but possible. Conception, despite the fact that every stage has been studied by science, is a mystery of nature. And you can expect anything from nature. If we explain the possibility of getting pregnant during menstruation scientifically, then the preservation of sperm activity also plays a role. Also, sometimes the egg can mature before or after the middle of the cycle.

Pay attention! If you notice a sudden change in your cycle, be alert. During this period, you are much more likely to get pregnant during your period.

Most often, girls who have an inconsistent menstrual cycle become pregnant during their periods. In this case, the highest probability of becoming pregnant is in the last days of menstruation, when the unfertilized egg is released from the follicle.

The best days for pregnancy from a physiological point of view

This article describes in great detail all the physiology of a woman that you need to know to conceive a child. Therefore, in order to get pregnant the first time, it is very important to correctly determine the day of ovulation or egg maturation. To do this, monitor your menstrual cycle and try to use a comprehensive method.

If conception does not occur the first time, you should worry. In absolutely healthy women, ovulation occurs eight times out of ten cycles. Do not forget about such associated factors as, for example, stopping oral contraception. If a woman is under thirty years of age, then doctors are advised not to worry about the lack of pregnancy during the first year of trying. With age, difficulty conceiving increases, so after six months of unsuccessful attempts, it is best to consult a doctor.

Don't focus on timing ovulation days and fertile days by having sex on a schedule. Don't forget to enjoy the process. Let conception become a pleasant side effect of regular lovemaking with a dear and dear man.

2012-06-23 08:21:01

Ekaterina asks:

Hello! Tell me, can a test show pregnancy on the 23rd day of the cycle? I have already taken 2 tests, they are negative. Pregnancy is not desirable at the moment

2010-04-12 11:28:42

Svetlana asks:

Hello. I have the following question: I’m trying to get pregnant, the doctor prescribed Duphaston, I took a pregnancy test on the 22nd day of the cycle, but I took it during the day and a second pink line appeared. After that, during the day the test showed 1 line. Can Duphaston give a false positive test result. Among the symptoms there are: breast sensitivity, terrible salivation, on the 6th day after ovulation, my stomach hurt like menstruation and pink discharge streaked with blood appeared, but it all went away within half an hour. There are still 6 more until the expected period. Thank you in advance.

Answers Klochko Elvira Dmitrievna:

Good afternoon, this is still a short time to make a correct diagnosis. You need to go for an ultrasound if there is a delay of 10 days. Take Duphaston now if your period does not start. Pregnancy tests are not yet relevant. You will start doing them when there is a delay.

2015-10-29 12:59:40

Liana asks:

Hello. I'm 24. 2 months ago I got married. A virgin. After losing my virginity there was a delay of 4 days. (Perhaps due to climate change, because we moved to Europe) there were never any delays before the start of sexual activity. The cycle lasted 28-29 days. Now the second delay has begun. It's been 5 days already. I took a pregnancy test on the day of my delay. My stomach was tight and my breasts were swollen. Could I be pregnant? Or what's going on? Thanks in advance. I'm all exhausted

Answers Medical consultant of the website portal:

Hello Liana! Read about the possible reasons for a delay in menstruation and the actions that need to be taken in such a situation in the popular science article on our medical portal. Take care of your health!

2014-08-20 06:41:53

Irina asks:

Hello, dear gynecologists. Again I turn to you for advice. I am 44 years old. I really want to get pregnant. My husband and I are trying to get pregnant; it will soon be like 2.5 years. Now I am 10 days late, no periods. Pregnancy test on the 4th day of delay and on the 9th is negative. Basal temperature remains at 37 degrees. During this cycle, I did not take any medications other than folic acid. Before this, I took esterlan for 6 cycles from days 5 to 10, vitamin C from days 11 to 20, progesterone 2.5% from day 17 No. 10. Please tell me if pregnancy is possible with negative tests (they don’t do a blood test for hCG in the district clinic). Also, on July 17, 2014, on the 5th day of the cycle, I took a blood test for anti-Mullerian hormone - 0.72, follicle-stimulating hormone -6.4. There is patency of the pipes.
Or are there no periods for other reasons? According to what? I am very worried that there will be hormonal imbalances or something else bad. I will be very grateful for your answer.

Answers Palyga Igor Evgenievich:

Hello, Irina! You must clearly understand that your age for conceiving a child is critical, your ovarian reserve is low and hormonal imbalances are quite possible. I don't think it's pregnancy. I advise you to undergo an ultrasound scan of the pelvic organs if it is not possible to donate blood for hCG. If you really want a child, then you need to urgently contact a fertility specialist and plan IVF, although it is not a fact that this will work with your own eggs.

2013-08-01 05:08:31

Ksenia asks:

Good afternoon. Please tell me. I am 29 years old. In 2005 -2006, 17-hydroxyprogesterone was increased - 1.5 ng/ml (0.1-0.8), Yarina and Diana-35 were taken. We started planning a pregnancy in October 2012. The cycle is from 26 to 38 days. We went to the doctor. Everyone was tested for infections and ureaplasma was detected. I was concerned about recurring cystitis, irritation and dryness. They said ureaplasma due to a microflora disorder. Upon examination, a thin endometrium was revealed. They prescribed Lomexin, Vaginorm, lactobacilli. Took hormone tests in phase 1 of the cycle
In November 2012
– testosterone – 1.31 nmol/l (0.35-2.6);
- TSH – 0.80 µIU/ml (0.23-3.4)
- 17-hydroxyprogesterone 0.87 (0.4-2.72)
- Sex steroid binding globulin 236.25 nmol/l (14.1-129)
- Free androgen index – 0.55 (0.4-8.4)
From August to October 2012, Diana took it - 35. They said this may be why the level of sex steroid binding globulin is so high.
In February 2013. In the first phase:
- LH – 6.02 IU/l (1.1-8.7)
- FSH – 5.72 IU/l (1.8-11.3)
- Prolactin - 423.47 mIU/l (67-726)
- Estradiol - 37 pg/ml (27-122)
The treatment did not give any results; I was bothered by dryness and discomfort. We have been trying to get pregnant since December 2012. We were prescribed Gynoflor and Vaginorm. Again the result is zero. They sent me for an ultrasound and everything was fine. They prescribed Femoston and Veroshpiron, but she didn’t take them and went to another doctor.
Another doctor was horrified and said that ureaplasma should be treated immediately, because of this there was cystitis and low estradiol. She prescribed Unidox for 14 days, fluconazole, tampons with dimexide and tetracycline for 10 days. Bromoreptin 1/4 t. at night continuously and from 16-25 days m.c. progesteron on the lower abdomen 2 r. per day – 4 months.
Ureaplasma was cured, the discomfort and dryness disappeared. After antibiotic treatment with bromocreptine and progestogel, I re-tested hormones in phase 1
- estradiol - 98 pg/ml (27-122)
- DHEAS – 1.64 µg/ml (0.5-5.7)
- Sex steroid binding globulin – 71.8 nmol/l (12.4-78.4)
Everything returned to normal, estradiol increased. Treatment with Bromocreptine and Progestogel from April-July 2013. Against their background, they tried to get pregnant. Last period June 18th. Pregnancy test on day 43 of m.c. – the second stripe is barely visible. They sent me for an ultrasound.
Ultrasound on the 44th day of m.c. Uterus 49-32-48mm. The contour is smooth, the myometrium is homogeneous. M-echo up to 5.4 mm. The endometrium corresponds to the first phase of the cycle. The left ovary is 32-16-19 mm, diffuse follicles are 5-7-9 mm. Right ovary 38-20-23 mm. Follicles are diffuse in the section up to 10-12 with a diameter of 3-6-7 mm, the stroma is not expressed. Fluid in the posterior fornix is ​​not detected. Conclusion: no pathologies were identified, the picture is phase 1 of the cycle.
How can this be on the 44th day of m.c. – ultrasound phase 1? Today is the 45th day of m.c. I don’t have my period, and the ultrasound doesn’t show any signs of it in the near future. They said that after progesterone from 16-25 days, menstruation should have come. Is it possible to expect a new ovulation in this cycle? There has never been such a delay before. What should I do, check my hormones again?

Answers Purpura Roksolana Yosipovna:

There are many inconsistencies in your story. Ureaplasma can cause cystitis, but estradiol cannot be low! Bromocriptine and Progestogel are not antibiotics, but hormonal drugs. Bromocriptine is prescribed for elevated prolactin, you write that it is within normal limits. Based on your story and ultrasound data, I can suspect polycystic disease, which causes similar delays in menstruation, deviations in hormone levels, thin endometrium, etc. I advise you to donate blood for sex hormones - FSH, LH, prolactin, estradiol, AMH, progesterone, testosterone, DHEA, cortisol. Based on their results, the gynecologist should prescribe hormone therapy. Are you overweight? Have you checked your thyroid gland? You clearly have an endocrine problem; infection has nothing to do with infertility. Did your husband take a spermogram? After all, the problem can be mutual.

2013-01-24 12:01:11

Asks the world:

Hello! The question is this: a month ago I was treated for ureaplasma, I didn’t take repeated tests because... They recommended abstaining from sex, and on the 11th day of the cycle there was an unprotected PA. Later, I fooled myself into pregnancy, today is the 24th day of the cycle, all the signs disappeared. tests negative BUT after the treatment, all my discharge disappeared, in general, and now after going to the toilet, a small amount of creamy discharge remains on a piece of paper, but only after the toilet, and during the day there is nothing!!! what could this be????? 4 days body temp 37, 37.2 BT 37

Answers Tarasyuk Tatyana Yurievna:

This may be normal discharge. Make a control smear and get the correct answer. A 24-day pregnancy test may not “show” pregnancy. Repeat.

2012-12-23 10:46:22

Inna asks:

Hello. I am 22 years old. The menstrual cycle is 30 days. There were no usual long delays. Last month there was a delay of 5 days, after which brown discharge began in the middle of the cycle. I contacted a gynecologist. A slight replenishment of the ovaries and polycystic disease were discovered. Antibiotics and suppositories were prescribed. After the course of treatment, my period is already 11 days late. After taking antibiotics, white discharge began. The doctor said there was no need to go to the appointment, signed pills and vaginal cream to prevent infection. I have a sex life and am a regular partner. 3 weeks before the delay, I had sexual intercourse protected with a condom. I took 4 pregnancy tests after 6 days of delay. All negative. Pulls in the lower abdomen for the last 3 days as before menstruation. There is no nausea and my chest does not hurt. In the lower abdomen, on the opposite side, a thickening is felt that is similar to the replenishment of the ovaries. Could this be pregnancy or is it still an inflammatory process and a failure after antibiotics?

Answers Korchinskaya Ivanna Ivanovna:

If you have been diagnosed with polycystic disease, then missed periods are associated with it. Polycystic disease is an endocrine pathology that affects the menstrual cycle and the possibility of conception in the future. You need to take a blood test for sex hormones - FSH, LH, prolactin, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, DHEA, cortisol and with the results contact a gynecologist to prescribe hormone therapy. White discharge is most likely candidiasis, which arose while taking antibiotics due to dysbacteriosis. You can take fluconazole (Diflucan, Difluzol, etc.) 150 orally at a time. If there was an acute inflammatory process of the appendages, there would be pain, a rise in temperature, etc. The inflammatory process has nothing to do with delays. Correct polycystic disease!

2012-11-27 18:16:49

Alexandra asks:

Hello. I am 18 years old. I don't have a regular cycle. The doctor said that I have ovarian dysfunction and the growth of the endometrium is not going as expected. The delay is already 10 days. I'm looking forward to them. I live a sexual life, we do not use protection, we engage in coitus interruptus. I took a pregnancy test on the 9th day of my delay. Showed a negative result. The doctor prescribed hormones and a drug for medicinal curettage. But these days are still gone. My nipples hurt, my breasts have become larger and they are very soft, my tummy is kind of big, my appetite is up and down, and so is my mood. Fatigue, weakness. What could it be? Could there be a pregnancy? Thanks in advance for your answer.

Answers Purpura Roksolana Yosipovna:

An irregular cycle is normal for your age. if according to ultrasound everything is normal. What medications were you prescribed, what does “drug for medicinal curettage” mean? In any case, you need to donate blood for hCG, the result of which will accurately show whether you are pregnant; in the early stages, tests do not always give informative results. If there is no pregnancy, then you need to contact the gynecologist who made the appointments.

2012-10-05 12:48:08

Alena asks:

Good afternoon.
Today is day 44 of the cycle (usually the cycle was 28-29 days). The test is positive. There was a strong pull in the lower abdomen, the gynecologist did an ultrasound, the pregnancy was uterine.
Day 41 of the cycle donated blood for hCG - 676
Day 43 ultrasound: the fertilized egg is visualized in the cavity, the internal diameter is 10 mm, the yolk sac is 4 mm, the embryo is not visualized.
Day 44 of the cycle I donated blood for hCG - 20200 (I donated it in another laboratory because the previous result raised doubts)
Can there be such a sharp jump in hCG in 3 days? Is it normal that the embryo is not visualized yet?
Thank you!

Answers Gritsko Marta Igorevna:

Such a sharp jump cannot happen; one of the laboratories clearly made a mistake. The size of the fertilized egg indicates 4-5 weeks. pregnancy. I advise you to undergo a control ultrasound scan after 2 weeks, from 6 weeks. During pregnancy, the heartbeat of the embryo should be observed. If it is visualized, then everything is in order.

Popular articles on the topic: pregnancy test on day 22 of the cycle

A pregnancy test is your faithful assistant if you doubt whether pregnancy has occurred or not. Find out how and when to use a pregnancy test to get a guaranteed correct result and in what cases the test can “deceive” you.

Research during pregnancy is necessary - every expectant mother knows. They allow doctors to determine the condition of the baby and your body’s readiness for childbirth. Detailed and accessible: what studies, why and when should a pregnant woman undergo.

Pregnancy is a special condition that all women wait for with excitement, constantly asking themselves one question: “Has pregnancy occurred or not?” Learn reliably and in detail about modern methods and techniques for diagnosing pregnancy at the earliest stages.

In the structure of an infertile marriage, endocrine female infertility, caused by impaired maturation and ovulation of oocytes, occupies about 30-40% and is characterized by polymorphism of clinical and laboratory manifestations. Knowing the day of ovulation is extremely...

Conception is a delicate and complex process that depends on many factors. Therefore, do not despair if you do not get pregnant right away. The issue of infertility can be raised only after a year of regular sexual activity without the use of contraceptives.

This question often arises for women, even those who use contraception. This is largely due to the fact that a woman does not know how and when pregnancy occurs and what conditions are needed for this.

What we will look into:

• On what days of the cycle is it possible to get pregnant?
• Is interrupted coitus effective?
• If a condom falls off or breaks - is there a possibility of pregnancy - what to do?
• Is it possible to determine who caused the pregnancy if there were different partners?
• Errors in taking contraceptive pills - is pregnancy possible?
• Emergency contraception
• How and when to check for pregnancy

On what days of the cycle is it possible to get pregnant?

Not all women get pregnant well and easily; for some women this is a problem. In addition, even healthy women are normal may not get pregnant every menstrual cycle. Here are some important nuances about this:

• One of the conditions for pregnancy is the presence of ovulation (the release of an egg from the follicle) - ovulation normally does not occur in every menstrual cycle of a healthy woman; several times a year ovulation may not occur or occur incorrectly.
• If you have an irregular menstrual cycle, ovulation may occur rarely or not at all.
• For pregnancy to occur, ovulation alone is not enough - many other factors play a role.

So, in order to for pregnancy to occur not only is it important for you to ovulate, but it also requires the presence of the following conditions:

• The fallopian tubes must be patent
• Your partner's sperm must be capable of fertilizing an egg
• You or your partner must not have any other diseases or conditions that could prevent pregnancy.

As you can see, there are a lot of conditions, and a lot of couples go to clinics with the problem of infertility, although they previously did not suspect that this could happen to them and even took birth control.

Important thought! Unprotected sexual intercourse, even on dangerous days, does not mean that you will definitely become pregnant; there is a chance, but it is not one hundred percent.

It is known that there are so-called "dangerous days" that is, those days in a woman’s cycle when she can become pregnant. These days are counting regarding the following data:

• Normally, ovulation most often occurs in the middle of the menstrual cycle (if you have it for 28 days, then on the 14th day, if 26, then on the 13th, if 21, then on the 11th), however, the time of ovulation may change, either towards an earlier onset , and later
• An egg released from a follicle during ovulation lives on average 48 hours
• Spermatozoa that enter the genital tract of a woman remain viable for 72 hours on average, but isolated cases have been described when their lifespan was more than 1 week

Considering these data, it was assumed that 5 days before the middle of the cycle and 5 days after are dangerous days for conception. This means that with a 28-day cycle, dangerous days are considered to be the period from days 9 to 19 of the cycle.

Important! The first day of the cycle is considered to be the first day of the onset of menstruation (when spotting, not “spotting”) has already appeared, and not the day the menstruation ends.

Conclusion: if unprotected sexual intercourse occurs during this period of the cycle, there is a possibility of pregnancy (the closer to the middle of the cycle, the higher the probability). If sexual intercourse was immediately after menstruation (before the 9th day) or later than the 19th day of the cycle, the probability of pregnancy is extremely low, but is not completely excluded, since the time of ovulation sometimes shifts or the sperm may be very tenacious. This happens rarely, but the facts are known.

Important! Definition "dangerous days" very conditional and only matters if your menstrual cycle is regular. If your cycle is not regular, it means that ovulation may not occur at all or may occur rarely and on very different days. Therefore, with an irregular cycle, pregnancy can occur even if sexual intercourse occurred during menstruation or a few days before its onset - that is, in fact, on the “safest” days.

Thus, to the question: “ Could I get pregnant if I had unprotected intercourse on such and such a day of the cycle?” It is impossible to answer with complete certainty - even if it was a safe day, there is a minimal chance of pregnancy. At the same time, sexual intercourse, even on dangerous days, may not lead to pregnancy, since the presence of ovulation alone is not enough for pregnancy to occur.

What to do then - read below in the paragraph emergency contraception.

Is interrupted coitus effective?

This method, oddly enough, is one of the most common methods of birth control, at the same time its reliability is extremely low.

This is due to the fact that sperm are released from the penis not only at the moment of ejaculation, but also during sexual intercourse itself. During repeated sexual intercourse, sperm may be released from the penis throughout the entire act, unless the partner did not go to the toilet during the break. Thus, no matter how excellent the reaction is, it will not play a big role in preventing pregnancy.

In cases where coitus interruptus turns out to be effective, additional factors most often occur (safe day, infertility of one or both partners), but the share of the method itself in preventing unwanted pregnancy is very low.

Therefore, if you use this method of contraception, then the question “could I get pregnant?” – will always remain open until the onset of menstruation or its delay.

If a condom falls off or breaks - is there a possibility of pregnancy - what to do?

Let me remind you that a condom is a method of contraception that allows you not only to avoid unwanted pregnancy, but also to protect yourself from sexually transmitted infections.

Condom is not one of the most reliable methods of contraception and for the most part this is due to errors in its use. The most common mistake is putting the condom on the penis incorrectly (tip: read the instructions carefully).

Although condoms are a fairly durable product, sometimes they are unable to resist violent passion, which leads to them breaking or slipping with the ensuing consequences. The quality of the condoms used is also of great importance (tip: buy condoms from well-known companies).

Another common situation– a condom is put on only at the end of sexual intercourse, before ejaculation – this is not correct, since the most active sperm are released some time before ejaculation. Therefore, with this approach, protection against pregnancy is reduced.

Thus, if the condom comes off, or breaks, or you put it on at the end of sexual intercourse, all this can lead to pregnancy, but remember that for pregnancy to occur, it is not enough just for sperm to enter the vagina, so even if this happens, pregnancy may not occur . The question “Could I get pregnant?” – remains open again.

Is it possible to determine who caused the pregnancy if there were different partners?

I am often asked the question: “ Who got me pregnant if I had sexual intercourse with different partners during one menstrual cycle??»

I will answer right away - this cannot be reliably determined before the birth of the child. Let's think logically - the greatest chance of getting pregnant is from the partner with whom you had sexual intercourse on the “dangerous days,” that is, from days 9 to 19 of the cycle in a 28-day cycle. However, you remember that there are situations when ovulation can shift in time or sperm can remain viable for a long time, but this does not happen so often. Therefore, when deciding the question “who could I get pregnant from?” one can only assume that the pregnancy occurred from the partner with whom sexual intercourse was closer to the middle of the cycle, that is, on the “dangerous days.”

You will definitely be able to answer this question only after the baby is born, by conducting a paternity test. An indirect sign (if you do not want to conduct a special test) by which paternity can be assumed may be the child’s blood type - only if your partners had different blood groups, then according to the laws of inheritance, you can clearly determine which of the partners cannot definitely be the father of a child.

Errors in taking contraceptive pills - is pregnancy possible?

Hormonal contraceptives are one of the most reliable methods of preventing pregnancy, however, if there are errors in taking these drugs, pregnancy is possible.

The instructions for each drug always contain rules about how to behave if a pill was missed or taken later. I will try to explain why these rules exist, and what happens when there are errors in the technique - then it will become more clear what to do.

While taking contraceptive pills, several processes occur in your body that prevent pregnancy: the maturation of follicles in the ovaries is blocked, the activity of the fallopian tubes changes, the active growth of the uterine mucosa (where the fertilized egg attaches) is blocked, and the viscosity of the mucus in the cervical canal changes. uterus (which makes it difficult for sperm to pass into the uterus).

Every day you take a pill, you maintain a certain concentration of the drug in your blood. One tablet only works for 24 hours; after this time, the concentration of the drug in the blood begins to fall and this gives a signal for all processes suppressed in the body to begin to resume. First of all, this concerns the growth of follicles (it is in them that the egg matures, which is released during ovulation).

When you take the pill on time, the concentration of the drug does not fall, but remains at the same level, effectively blocking all necessary processes.
There is a rule that if you forgot to take a pill on time, you need to take it as soon as you remember (there are 12 hours of acceptable delay), that is, during these 12 hours nothing is activated yet and if you manage to take the pill, the entire contraceptive effect will continue.

If you miss a pill for more than 12 hours, then in this case you need to take 2 tablets while taking the next pill, that is, the next one + the missed one. This is usually followed by an instruction that from this moment until the start of menstruation it is necessary to use an additional condom. For what? This is due to the fact that when a pill is missed, the concentration of the drug in the blood drops and there is a possibility that follicle growth may resume, and (albeit delayed) ovulation will occur.

The following questions arise:

• If unprotected sexual intercourse occurred while missing a pill, is there a chance of pregnancy, provided that the missed pill was taken according to the rules described above? My answer is, most likely, there will be no pregnancy, since continuing to take the drug will prevent the development of pregnancy, but there are exceptions.
• If you do not use an additional condom after missing a pill, is pregnancy possible? There is a possibility. This largely depends on which pill was missed. The safest skip is to skip the last pills in the pack, since there is virtually no time left for the fertilized egg to attach to the uterine cavity (it takes about 4-5 days for this).

Missing the first tablets in the pack is more dangerous in terms of the development of pregnancy, since during this period the follicle just begins to grow and if at the initial stage it comes out of the suppressive effects of the drug, then in the future it can continue to grow and achieve ovulation, despite taking the drug.

Important! If pregnancy occurred while taking hormonal contraceptives, there are no medical indications for its termination. As has been shown in numerous studies, taking hormonal contraceptives does not have a negative effect on the fetus and does not affect the course of pregnancy.

The contraceptive effect of hormonal contraceptives may be reduced in other situations. For example, if you have diarrhea, vomiting, or if you start taking certain types of medications in parallel (which ones are listed in the instructions).

If vomit happens within 1 hour after taking the tablet - it is better to take another tablet, since during this time the drug may not have time to be completely absorbed.

Diarrhea It can also impair the absorption of the drug, which will be tantamount to missing a pill. Contraceptive drugs are very difficult to absorb in the gastrointestinal tract. They are first absorbed in the intestines, then enter the liver, where they undergo the first stage of transformation. Then they are excreted with bile again into the intestinal lumen and only this time they are absorbed into the blood in an active form. Thus, any digestive disorders can affect this complex process of the drug entering the blood, so if you have problems with digestion while taking contraceptives, you need to be on the safe side and take additional precautions (condom).

Conclusions:

• Hormonal contraception is very reliable only if you use it correctly and do not create situations in which the concentration of the drug in the blood drops.
• If you have even the slightest doubt, use a condom until your period begins.
• It's safest to skip the last pills in the pack.
• If you tend to forget to take your pills on time, you can change the pills to another form - a vaginal ring (Nova-Ring) or a patch (Evra)
• Pregnancy that occurs while taking hormonal contraceptives does not need to be terminated for medical reasons, since hormonal contraception does not have a negative effect on the fetus and the course of pregnancy.

Emergency contraception

If unprotected sexual intercourse does occur, action must be taken. For these purposes, there is so-called “emergency contraception”

Emergency contraceptive medications include:

• Postinor
• Escapelle
• Gynepristone

There is also a method based on a special regimen for taking regular hormonal contraceptives, but I will not describe it here as its effectiveness has been shown to be very low. Another option for emergency contraception is the insertion of an intrauterine device, but I do not really support this method, so I will omit the story about it.

How do these drugs work?

Postinor and Escapelle– contain the same substance, only in different dosages, and therefore, to achieve an effect, when using postinor you need to take 2 tablets, and when using the drug escapelle - only one.

Gynepristone– contains another substance – mifepristone – 10 mg. This drug has similar effects, but they are more pronounced. Mifepristone blocks receptors for progesterone, the main pregnancy hormone. This prevents implantation of a fertilized egg and disrupts the ovulation process. In higher dosages, this drug is used for medical termination of pregnancy, but at a dose of 10 mg it is effective for a pregnancy that has already begun.

Important! These drugs are not effective if implantation of a fertilized egg has already occurred, that is, if pregnancy has already occurred, there will be no effect.

The effectiveness of these drugs ranges from 70 to 90%. The sooner the drug is taken after unprotected sexual intercourse, the higher its effectiveness.

For each of the drugs indicated period during which it will be effective take a pill:

• Postinor - no later than 72 hours after sexual intercourse, the first tablet is taken, the second tablet is taken 12 hours after the first.
• Escapelle - only one tablet is taken no later than 96 hours after sexual intercourse
• Ginepristone - only one tablet is taken no later than 120 hours from the moment of unprotected sexual intercourse. For maximum effectiveness, 2 hours before taking the drug and 2 hours after, you must refrain from eating.

Of all the drugs presented, Ginepristone is the most effective.

Despite such long time intervals, practice shows that the pill should be taken as early as possible, especially if unprotected sexual intercourse occurred during the “dangerous days”. The later the drug is taken, the less effective it will be, because these drugs do not act on a pregnancy that has already occurred.

After taking the drug, there may be various side effects: nausea, pain in the lower abdomen, headache, increased fatigue, dizziness, engorgement of the mammary glands, vomiting, diarrhea, delay of menstruation by more than 7 days or, conversely, their onset earlier.

If vomiting occurs within the first three hours after taking the drug, the drug should be repeated.

Many people are concerned about the fact that after taking emergency contraception, the menstrual cycle is disrupted - this is true. This can happen. Menstruation may come earlier or later than expected (especially if the drug was taken at the beginning of the cycle) and may subsequently disrupt the arrival of the next menstruation. As a rule, such cycle disorders are temporary and quickly pass either independently or with the help of hormonal contraceptives.

Important! Emergency contraception should not be used on a regular basis. There are many convenient and effective means of permanent contraception. Emergency contraception, even based on the name, should be used only in “emergency cases”, maybe 1 or 2 times in a lifetime. Frequent use of this type of contraception is extremely contraindicated and can lead to persistent menstrual dysfunction.

What else is important to note.

• After taking emergency contraception, all subsequent sexual intercourse in this menstrual cycle must be protected, since the effect of the drug does not apply to subsequent sexual intercourse.
• If your menstruation is delayed by more than 5 days, you need to be checked for pregnancy.
• If you have an irregular menstrual cycle with a tendency to delays, you should take a pregnancy test approximately 20 days after sexual intercourse (if menstruation has not yet begun at this time). If the test is negative and menstruation does not come, the test must be repeated in a few days.

How and when to check for pregnancy

Despite all the precautions and even taking emergency contraception, there is still a need to check whether pregnancy has occurred or not.

There are 2 ways to do this:

• Pregnancy test
• Blood test for hCG

Pregnancy tests sold almost everywhere (pharmacies, supermarkets, gas stations). It is important to purchase several tests from different brands or the same brand. Better Just do the test in the morning, I use the first portion of urine. This is important, since the first morning portion of urine is the most concentrated, therefore it contains the largest amount of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin - a substance that begins to be produced from the very beginning of pregnancy and its concentration in the blood and urine increases rapidly every day).

The test uses a special chemical reaction to determine the presence of hCG in the urine - the first strip on the test shows that the test is working normally, and the presence of the second strip indicates that there is hCG in the urine, and in a concentration that does not exist in the absence of pregnancy . Even if the second line is barely visible, it still means that the test is positive.

If the pregnancy is very short (the first days of the delay), the test may not show anything during the day or evening (especially if you drank a lot of liquid that day). The test must be redone in the morning.

With each day of pregnancy, the concentration of hCG in the urine increases, so the test must be done several days in a row.

False negative result maybe (that is, there is a pregnancy, but the test does not show it - this happens in the case of a defective test or a very early stage of pregnancy). You need to redo the test (for example, using a test from another company) or repeat it the next day in the morning.

False positive test almost never happens (very rare cases in the presence of certain diseases and conditions). That is, if the test shows the presence of a second line, there is a pregnancy.

Important! If there is an ectopic pregnancy, the test will also show a positive result.

As soon as you have recorded a positive pregnancy test result, you need to contact a gynecologist immediately. You will definitely be scheduled for an ultrasound approximately on the 10th day of the delay. Whatever decision you make regarding your pregnancy (whether to keep it or not), the doctor must make sure that you have an intrauterine pregnancy, that is, see the fertilized egg in the uterus. Until this fact is established, no decisions are made.

This is due to the fact that it is always there is a risk of ectopic (tubal) pregnancy. Therefore, delaying a visit to the gynecologist in the presence of a positive pregnancy test is unacceptable, since in the case of an ectopic pregnancy, urgent hospitalization is required, since this condition represents great threat to life.

Blood test for hCG- This is a more accurate method of determining pregnancy, since its result is presented in the form of specific numbers. If, when using a conventional test, you have to visually determine the presence of a second strip, then in the blood test for hCG there will be a clearly indicated number reflecting the amount of this substance in the blood.

Therefore, if you have doubts about the results of a regular pregnancy test, just take a blood test at the nearest laboratory, or contact a gynecologist, he will give you a referral.

When to take a pregnancy test?

If you have regular menstrual cycle– the test should be done in the first days of missed menstruation. It is not advisable to do it early, as the test may give a false negative result.

If you have a cycle not regular, with a tendency to delays, the test can be started approximately 20 days after unprotected intercourse and then every other day or every day (in the morning).

A common question: can I get pregnant if unprotected intercourse occurs on a certain day of the menstrual cycle? This worries many women who ask it on various medical forums. To answer these questions yourself, it is enough to understand the mechanism of the probability of pregnancy depending on the moment of the menstrual cycle, which we will introduce you to.

Please note that in this article we are starting from the following premise: the sexual intercourse was not protected, therefore the woman can become pregnant. We did not take into account such important factors for conception as the reproductive ability of the partner, gynecological problems of the partner, and compatibility in the couple. Such individual characteristics of sexual intercourse can certainly play a role in the onset of pregnancy.

Of course, women ask the initial question about the possibility of getting pregnant on a certain day of the cycle for two reasons: some want to increase their chances of conceiving, while others want to do the opposite.

Calendar method: reliable or not?

What else needs to be taken into account to determine the possibility of getting pregnant?

• Unprotected sexual intercourse followed by emergency contraception
• A new menstrual cycle has begun (periods)
• Pregnancy test remains negative several weeks after unprotected intercourse

The most common situations: the ability to conceive a child depending on the menstrual cycle