Cowboy style dresses. Cowboy style: features, history and interesting facts. Dresses and skirts

Pockets with flaps and metal buttons will fit any style item into the trendy context of the season. Such details look especially good on classic items.

When choosing jeans, opt for a high-waisted model and don't forget about a belt with a stylized buckle. Another detail worth paying attention to is the cowboy tie. Other elements of the Texas dress code are optional.

By the way, it is absolutely not necessary to buy things with pronounced cowboy elements - an elongated jacket, plaid flannel and boots with a wide top will do the trick.

Another thing that hints at the rodeo trend in an unobtrusive and delicate way is a jacket made of corduroy or sand-colored suede. If you already have one, never part with it - it's a forever thing.

Altuzarra

A sweatshirt, belted with a belt, and a dress with tassels are a romantic interpretation of the Wild West theme.

Altuzarra

Million dollar idea from Coach 1941. If you have some of the lingerie-style dresses that were popular last year lying around, try a less obvious pairing with a suede or leather cowboy shirt or just a Wild West-inspired jacket. This juxtaposition will instantly revive an out-of-fashion dress.

Coach 1941

Don't forget about denim! A denim shirt with fringe is a clear must-have.

Each x Other

A cowboy-style jacket can be made not only from denim, but also, for example, from metallized leather. Such a spectacular item will last more than one season and is suitable for different occasions.

Versus Versace

Raf Simons infected the entire fashion world with the aesthetics of the Wild West. We invite you to look at the entire collection (via the link) and get ideas for life from it - from shirts with patch pockets to scarlet “Cossacks”.

In addition to the cowboy tie, we recommend paying attention to classic bandanas. You can combine them with things in any style, even sporty, as Ivan Dorn does.

Continuing the sports theme: we recommend combining a suede jacket with a sport-chic style bag (you can even use a belt). But it’s better to abandon sneakers in favor of laconic ankle boots.

Coach 1941

A romantic classic in Western style - a denim shirt and a full skirt, belted with a stylized belt. The picture will be completed by “Cossacks”.

The “cow” print definitely classifies any set as a Wild West style. Even if it is combined with an orientalist floral design.

Marques'Almeida

A brown leather coat also adds a touch of cowboy chic to any outfit. We recommend pairing it with a checkered or floral dress.

We recommend combining pockets with flaps, picked up by the fashion world at the instigation of Raf Simons, with trousers with stripes. The combination is as effective as sports suit and a bandana (hello to Dorn again).

Bottega Veneta

Another cool cowboy wardrobe item is the apron. Look for a vinyl or patent leather model to make the biggest statement possible.

And finally, a few rodeo accessories from the spring-summer 2018 collections:

Almost every person associates the concept of “wild west” with brave cowboys, romantic adventures, daring gold miners and wars with the Indians. This important part of American culture of the nineteenth century inspired many writers and film directors, which is why the concept of “Western” later appeared. Thanks to famous films in the Western genre, the fashion for clothes in a cowboy style began. Now clothes in the style of “wild west” have become a real trend of this year. Let's find out more about western clothing fashion 2018.

What is Western clothing 2018

Clothes in a cowboy style have certain distinctive features. These clothes are quite practical and comfortable to wear. It is most often sewn from natural fabrics: leather, linen, cotton, wool. The cowboy style of clothing has many similarities with the country style, which gives any Western look a truly provincial charm. As for the prints that are typical for this look, the most often used are “checkered” prints and Indian patterns. For clothing in the “wild west” style, the following are relevant: natural colors:

• brown;
• beige;
• indigo;
• white;
• black.

Important Cowboy Style Elements to Create fashionable look 2018

To nail the 2018 cowboy style trend, you need to know what elements to use to create the look you want. Shoes must match the Western style. Most often this leather boots black, brown or beige. Cowboy boots are often decorated with various buckles and folk patterns. Another important element is a hat with a curved brim. The colors of the hat are the same as the boots, but there are also white cowboy hats that can add some elegance to the look. Also an important element fashionable style The “wild west” of 2018 can be called checkered. The check can be any, but it is advisable to avoid bright colors and give preference to shirts in more muted colors. The Western style in clothing is also inherent denim clothing: jackets, shirts, sleeveless vests, skirts, etc.

Women's dresses 2018 in cowboy style

Despite the fact that full skirts and corsets are no longer in fashion, for modern women there are still many interesting solutions in clothing in the “wild west” style. For example, a fairly simple and, at the same time, fashionable solution, this is an easy white dress made of cotton with a wide belt at the waist. The dress can be complemented with various folk patterns, and the rest of the look can be completed with a straw hat with a curved brim and leather boots. Also, the dress can be decorated with a floral print or Indian patterns and ornaments that resemble geometric shapes. As for the length of a cowboy-style dress, the length can be any.

Women's skirts 2018 in cowboy style

Women's skirt Western style is usually floor length, but there are also fashion models a little above and a little below the knee. This skirt is also made from natural materials; denim models are considered popular. For girls, mini skirts with fringes will be popular. Wild West style skirts 2018 can be combined with white blouses, denim jackets and T-shirts.

Women's jackets 2018 in cowboy style

For women's fashion in the Western style, designers and fashion designers offer many interesting solutions. If regular denim jacket decorate with stripes with American motifs, rivets or beads, you will get a fashionable jacket in a cowboy style. But if you want your option to be as close to the times of the wild west as possible, then you should definitely choose a jacket with fringes. Fringe can be on the sleeves of the jacket, as well as on the chest and back.

Women's shirts 2018 in cowboy style

Most often, a Western shirt has a checkered print. And, since the “check” print is now very popular, many fashionistas will definitely like this option. The “check” can be of any type and size, but it is advisable that the shirt fit as little as possible into the formal style. Fashionable combinations The colors for such a shirt can be considered: red and blue, soft pink and beige, lavender and soft green. In addition to women's plaid shirts in the "wild west" style, excellent option To create the desired look, use light-colored cotton or denim shirts with flowers on the neckline or on the collar.

Women's suits 2018 in cowboy style

A Western-style costume can perfectly convey the spirit of that time. It may not be quite suitable for everyday wear, but for a party such a suit will be just right. If you like the image elegant lady wild west times, then choose long dresses with lace, a fan and a small hat with a bow. If the daring fatal image is closer to you, then feel free to choose short dresses With full skirt and vest, floppy hat and boots.

Men's clothing 2018 Western style

Cowboy style trends also apply to men. Men's jacket"Wild West" can also have fringe decor. Black or brown will add brutality leather jackets. Regarding men's shirts, then plaid shirts in muted colors are definitely suitable for the “wild west” look. Also good option Light shirts in white or black will serve. Cowboy suit for men it is quite simple: a hat with a curved brim, a shirt with a sleeveless vest or leather jacket and dark trousers. You can also complete the look with a neckerchief and boots with spurs.

Western children's clothing 2018

Children's costumes have many similarities to Western clothing styles for men and women. Girls will love these clothes pink color, floral print may predominate to a greater extent than in clothing for adults. Good decision Cowboy clothes with a zebra or cow print could serve. Animal print will also be relevant for boys. A vest, a scarf around the neck and boots with spurs will turn any boy into a real little cowboy.

Now you know what Western clothing for women, men and children will be in fashion in 2018. Be interested in fashion and you will always be in trend!

• Vasilisa Altynnikova
• 08.07.2018, 14:02
• 1889 views

Elements of cowboy style in modern women's clothing are far from uncommon, as confirmed by reports from seasonal fashion shows with the participation of leading designers. It is with light hand venerable fashion designers, many features of the brutal and at the same time romantic image of a cowboy man smoothly migrated into the women's wardrobe. Initially practical, rough and simple things acquired additional decor, more elegant forms, but their essence remained the same: classics women's clothing In the cowboy style, laconic styles, comfortable fit models in traditional colors and characteristic accessories are considered.

The main features of the image of a cowboy

Since the founders of the style are the legendary American cowboys, slightly romanticized in Westerns, the prototype for the current cowboy style was basic wardrobe these brave guys. Cattle drivers who spent half their lives in the saddle wore:

• durable jeans;
• sun hats with curved brims;
• dust bandanas,
• comfortable boots without fasteners or decoration;
• cotton shirts;
• leather and suede jackets with fringes;
• leather gloves that protected hands from constant contact with reins, harness, lasso;
• wide leather belts with a fastened holster and other important details.

This entire long list has taken root remarkably well in the wardrobe of modern fashionistas. Certainly, modern clothes for girls it is more varied. It’s worth looking at each detail in more detail if you want to create a stylish and harmonious look in a cowboy style.

Materials and textures

Women's clothing in a cowboy style is made exclusively from natural fabrics: synthetics will simply stand out from the image like a foreign body. Choose thick denim for trousers, cotton and linen for shirts, blouses, dresses, leather or suede boots, the same belts, hats, jackets or vests. Durable denim in a cowboy’s wardrobe is echoed by pleasant-to-touch suede, soft cotton, and rough linen. For girls, designers offer clothes in country style made of thick and light fabrics, long multi-layered, short leather skirts or thin linen dresses with simple embroidery and lace at the hem. Many fashion designers actively combine cowboy style in clothes for women with elements of modern trends, boho, country, with ethnic motifs, as in the photo with models from Dior collections. In such cases, the use of natural woolen fabrics, viscose, and light chiffon is allowed.

Colors and prints

Basic colors for a cowboy-style wardrobe:

• blue (indigo);
• mustard, terracotta and other shades of brown, including sand and straw;
• black;
• muted red;
• grey.

Cowboys' clothing did not abound in decoration and colorful colors. The only exception was red-brown checkered shirts; the rest of the wardrobe was monochromatic. Naturally, concessions were made for women, including white, blue, yellow and soft turquoise shades (muted and dim) in the list of colors. Small floral prints and ethnic embroidery are allowed (Indian motifs, geometric patterns, embroidered flowers, lace, openwork inserts, decorations made of beads, colored threads on blouses, dresses, skirts and even on boots, as in the photo.

Women's wardrobe items in cowboy style

The main wardrobe items by which you can immediately identify the style of clothing are cowboy boots, denim trousers, fringed leather jackets, and trapezoidal hats. It is not at all necessary to use them all together at once; a pair of accessories and shoes in combination with basic things in a modern, ethnic, boho style is enough. This way you will create something special, unique image with a touch of personality. Don’t blindly follow rules like “a hat should only be worn with boots” or “the color of the belt and the hat must match.” Start with a few key elements and experiment!

Boots

Traditional cowboy boots are a model without fasteners and decoration made of soft leather or suede, with a pointed toe, a wide shaft and a small heel. The drivers loved comfortable shoes, while the sharp toes quickly entered the stirrups, the heels gave emphasis, and the jeans were ideally tucked into the wide tops. The style of modern boots for girls may differ from the original: the heel can be higher than 4 centimeters or lower, there are models with stiletto heels, with elegant decoration (rhinestones, embroidery, perforation, authentic fringe). The color scheme includes not only mustard, brown and gray tones, but also blue, white, black, gold, emerald, and burgundy. For the summer, light textile boots, ankle boots, shoes, sandals with suede fringe are suitable.

Jeans

Cowboy-style jeans for women can be blue, light blue or white. They should fit well and taper at the ankle so that they can be easily tucked into boots. Suitable for the image of a cowboy's girlfriend and a small flare.

Skirts and dresses

Women's skirts and dresses in a modern interpretation of the cowboy style can be of any length, even a revealing mini. Fluffy ankle-length skirts with gathers and folds, with lace and light-colored flounces along the hem will ideally fit into the image of a cowboy girl. It is better to choose both dresses and skirts that are loose-fitting, flowy, made of soft cotton or linen light shades in the spirit of boho, country, with ethnic patterns, embroidery, lace. An alternative is comfortable denim, leather and suede short models.

Blouses and shirts

If you like more strict and brutal styles, give preference to men's cut shirts made of checkered flannel, denim, and white cotton. Romantic people will like light blouses with puffed sleeves, gathered at the waist and at the collar, with embroidery and appliqués. Choose shirts in light colors, pairing them with Indian-style jewelry: wooden beads, dream catcher amulets, tassel earrings, leather bracelets with feathers and beads.

Jackets and vests

IN female image In the cowboy style, clothes such as a leather jacket or suede jacket in chocolate, mustard, ocher color with fringe will fit perfectly. In the warm season, leather and suede can be replaced with a blue or white denim vest, a beautiful wool poncho with an intricate pattern or bright piping. In combination with long dress in a boho style or a full skirt, a suede jacket, a straw hat in a cowboy style, or light textile boots will look especially colorful.

Belts, corsets, hats and other accessories in a cowboy style

Like boots, a wide leather belt is considered an integral element of the cowboy look. Women's models are represented by thin and wide leather belts with buckles of all shapes and sizes, belt bags resembling a holster, belts with elaborate trim, perforations, tassels, braids, and wicker elements. Instead of a classic leather belt, try wearing a corset-type belt made of fabric: it will perfectly emphasize your waist and set off a snow-white blouse and a fluffy, bright skirt. Women's bags in a cowboy style, as a rule, match boots: they are made of suede or leather brown and decorated with fringe.

When choosing a cowboy-style hat, pay attention to models with wide brims curved at the sides, a high trapezoid-shaped crown, slightly flattened on both sides. For the warm season, choose a straw option. Don't forget about a brightly colored bandana (neck scarf).

What and how to combine such clothes with?

Creating a harmonious image of a cowboy girl without going overboard with details is quite simple. Combine cowboy boots and hats with jeans and plaid shirts, and boho and ethnic dresses with denim and suede jackets with fringe. Sandals, vest and long skirt, an ethnic-style blouse and accessories made of leather and wood - you shouldn’t wear an elaborate hairstyle with this look. It is better to leave your hair loose, grabbing a couple of strands with a hairpin, or braid loose braids, giving them a deliberately careless look.

Cowboy-style jackets go well with classic trousers, light, short summer dresses, and long, loose, floor-length skirts. Cowboy boots look good with a miniskirt, shorts, T-shirts, and cardigans. A hat with a trapezoidal crown will add zest to the romantic look of a girl in a summer dress with a floral print, straight jeans or a flared model in tandem with a classic white T-shirt and a denim jacket.

As you can see, there are hundreds of options for using women's clothing in a cowboy style in various looks and its harmonious combination with other styles. Try and experiment, creating your own version every day, bright and individual.

This style, like many others, originally belonging only to men, is liked by girls. Even its individual elements, harmoniously combined with items of clothing of other styles, make a vivid impression. Leather is the main attribute of the cowboy style. And to recreate the look in the spirit of the Wild West, you should take a closer look at things made of brown and red leather.

Cowboy-style items are practical and comfortable. As decoration, real cowboys most often used fringe, which in ours modern fashion adorns fashionistas, and in various style directions. Lacing can also be an ideal decor for a cowboy style. And then, girls don’t have to look like a real cowboy - a guy in worn-out chaparrejas.

Photo above - Alberta Ferretti
Photo below - Coach, Dsquared2, Isabel Marant

Women's cowboy style is more multifaceted and complex than that of cowboy guys, who were mostly simple shepherds, and their things did not have complex decoration and richness. To reproduce the image of a cowboy's girlfriend, you should pay attention to summer dresses, sundresses and skirts. With their help you can create an attractive look in a cowboy style.

How to Wear Cowboy Style

And the Etro collection, which I already talked about, presented delightful outfits in the spirit of the Wild West, using elements of a cowboy style and the ethnic style of the Indians. Only, unlike historical events in fashion, cowboys and Indians do not fight among themselves, but live harmoniously with each other.

Designers advise giving preference to natural materials. Warm ponchos with an ethnic pattern, suede or leather jackets, large scarves around the neck or a wide scarf will look good in the frosty cold. A fringed bag and a felt hat can complete the look.

Etro
Coach, Dsquared2, Beautiful People

Some scuffs and even rips in your suit will bring you closer to the Wild West style. But don’t get carried away by large holes in jeans or shirts, because real cowboys took care of their clothes and wore leather chaparrejas, the so-called pants covers. Thanks to them, the pants did not fray internal sides feet from riding, did not get dirty from road dust, and feet were protected from thorns and twigs of plants.

In the cowboy style, embroidery and appliqués on leather will look good, while dresses and skirts will have lace trim and frills, and fabrics will have folklore-themed ornaments. Skirts can be different lengths. Add red boots with a loose top, and you can consider yourself a cowboy girl. Check, especially in a shirt, is an indispensable print of cowboy clothing, as is a hat.

To become a cowboy you don’t need to invest a lot of money in purchasing outfits. Jeans, a checkered shirt, a hat and red boots. This is the finished image. Please note that if there are boots and a hat, they must be cowboy ones. The image will be irreparably damaged if you choose these two items incompatible.

Dsquared2, Isabel Marant, Re Done

Cowboy style accessories

Cowboy boots cannot have a heel greater than four centimeters. They also feature a narrow toe box and a wide cuff to allow you to easily tuck in your jeans. But designers allow both themselves and fashionistas to experiment - they offer high-heeled boots, which visually lengthen the silhouette and make the image attractive and feminine.

Besides high heels, boots can be decorated with chains, buckles, appliqués, and fringes. However, in the summer, creating women's suit in a cowboy style, boots can be replaced with shoes or sandals with fringe.

Zimmermann

In addition to the mentioned items of clothing, which in combination with each other or in addition to other styles were somehow reflected in the images created by designers in the new season 2018 - 2019, there are also capes, blankets, scarves, vests, and jackets. You can complement your image with them, creating your own individual style.

Cowboy style suits any girl. But mostly romantic people with a penchant for traveling turn to him.

Today, designers do not try to adhere to the established rules of the cowboy style. This style is bold and shouldn't be taken too literally. When creating an image of cowboy clothing, you can deviate from the norm and add a little glamor. Luxurious accessories made of exotic leather will help with this.

Vanessa Seward
Zimmermann, Alberta Ferretti

December 24, 2015

Would you like to be transported for a day to those times when stern men talked about matters of honor, women were proud and daring, and the real fun was not nightclubs, but country dancing, shooting tin cans and chasing the worst enemy - the Indian?

Why not? Without stereo systems, light music and computer games, people really knew how to have fun! Nowadays it’s not like that: nowadays it’s pathos, glamor and extended body parts that rule. Therefore, if your birthday is in the warm season, and you want open-hearted fun, here is a good option for Wild West themed parties!

In order not to miss anything important, I suggest this scenario:

1. Time of year and time of meeting.

The optimal time of year to hold a Cowboy Party is summer. Meeting time – 12-14.00. Costumes must be prepared in advance, so guests will only have to put on their outfit and arrive on time. Please note: the most suitable day of the week is Saturday. Surely your party will turn into a daily marathon of entertainment, so Sunday will serve as an excellent healer and “sleep” before Monday!

2. Invitations.

Be creative, but don't overthink it. Draw the attributes of the holiday (cowboy hats, boots, funny Indian) or print out a coloring book for children with suitable characters.
For the invitation base, use scrapbooking paper (in country colors) or regular craft paper.
Write the text with a liner (capillary pen) or colored felt-tip pens.

Greet guests by forcing them to introduce themselves at gunpoint. You can come up with a password, something like: “I am Walker, Texas Ranger!”, and for the Indians: “I am the leader of the Cheyenne tribe!”

3. Take care about costumes!

Naturally, for everything to look natural in the spirit of the Wild West, everyone must be prepared both externally and internally. That is, be cheerful, loud and always ready to pull a pistol from a holster or an arrow from a quiver.

Read more about images.

Cowboy man: jeans, sew on fringed overlays, wide leather belt, plaid shirt, neckerchief, cowboy hat. Cowboy-style leather boots are desirable. If they are not there, choose shoes with long toes: what if the boots are hidden under wide jeans?

You can also add characters such as sheriff(what without a servant of the law?)
And bandit(who, of course, is wanted for a hefty reward!).
Cowboy woman: almost everything is the same: jeans or denim shorts(skirt), plaid shirt (or blouse with a deep neckline and ruffles), wide cowboy boots leather bracelets, a holster with a weapon or a rough belt, “natural” makeup (but red lipstick is allowed). Hair is loose or braided in two braids. A cowboy hat would also be appropriate.
If girl "not a cowboy", replace some elements with a similar country style: a knee-length or floor-length skirt, a thin blouse (light or colorful), you can denim vest or a jacket. The hairstyle is the same.
Indians: these costumes are more difficult to construct. The ideal option is to rent it. You can try to make an outfit from scraps of brown fabric (preferably suede) and any available material (feathers, bright jewelry, paints...). Perhaps there are sandals with high ties. Pay due attention to your makeup! This is half the image.
In case those invited do not find some small but important attributes, stock up and be ready to hand them over at the entrance.
To better get used to the role, invite guests to watch several films - classics of the relevant theme (westerns): “Buffalo Bill and the Indians”, “Pancho Villa”, “The Long Haul”, “The Lone Ranger”, “Once Upon a Time in the West”, “Good , bad, evil”...

4. Venue and decoration.

The ideal place for a Wild West-themed party is a cottage (in cowboy parlance: “family ranch”). The holiday will be noisy and loud.

You will have to work hard, since the area that needs to be prepared is very large. Room in country house, or an equipped tent should be decorated with red flags, wild flowers and spikelets should be placed in vases made of vines, and bright feathers can be added. If you can organize a counter in the style of a retro bar, it will be a wonderful highlight of the party! Hang retro curtains. Cover the furniture with tablecloths of a characteristic color: red and white checkered or retro flowers. Hay bales will look harmonious both in the yard and near festive table(these are not European-quality renovations!).

Hang something like lasso, cowboy hats, horseshoes throughout the area, and place rows of tin cans or beer bottles on the fence.
At the entrance to the courtyard, hang a large "Wanted" poster with a photo of one of the guests (see who will choose to play the bandit). Be sure to indicate the amount of the reward (preferably in kopecks: so many zeros, but real if the Hero demands the entire amount). Organize a couple of beautiful targets (easy to make from foam and paint it), and also place cacti throughout the yard (of course, from foam, draw the needles with a marker - it will turn out very funny!). On the street, conditionally divide the territory into half cowboys and Indians. For cowboys, a haystack and wooden benches. For the Indians - a wigwam and a fire. All this can also be easily built using a simple scheme.
Organize colorful retro posters.

5. Music.

Entertainment is necessary and important. First of all, it's loud music. Remember how much space is occupied by waving your arms and jumping, which they call dancing! By the way, it wouldn’t hurt to watch a couple of videos before the holiday; it will be great if many people pick up the songs, the dances, and the spirit of the reckless people! Suitable tracks will be hits from: Anne Murray, Gene Watson, George Strait, selectively songs by Madonna, Pink, as well as tracks from the mentioned films!

6. Entertainment.

We start talking about competitions a few hours after the start of the celebration: let the public adapt and get used to the roles. If we talk about two warring “groups” (cowboys and Indians), who today decided to reconcile for the sake of a common friend (the birthday boy), then the competitions must be chosen correctly. Cowboys and Indians must compete, otherwise the specialness of such an unusual company will be lost. I offer the following options:

Competition "Who is more". Two teams throw into tin cans. The team with the most coins in the bank wins.

Competition "Bullseye". The cowboys take turns firing five shots from children's pistols, the Indians from a bow (it is quite possible that the bow will be a problem - stock up on darts!). Each one has his own target. The one with the most “wounds” wins. If both teams hit (all five times), then the one who hit closer to the center of the target.

Competition "The candle was burning." Two people (one from each team) must put out three candles using a water pistol from the same distance.

Competition "Drive me, horse." Each team has a horse and a rider (a guy and a girl, respectively). It's simple: we run to the fence and back. The fastest horse wins. In the second option, two participants must ride a wooden toy horse. (26-2)

Competition "In Search of Treasures". Give two teams a poorly drawn map that they must use to find the treasure. Whoever figures it out faster takes the treasure. A bottle of good alcohol acts as a treasure.

The team that scores more points receives a gift. Let it be something edible, otherwise it’s hard to please 5-6 people at once. If the award is for one person, it could be a modern cowboy-style hat, a leather belt or a flask.

Be sure to think about what songs you can sing around the evening fire. Or maybe your company loves scary or just interesting stories...

7. Menu and drinks.

Cowboys, like Indians, are people with an appetite. Save the light appetizers for a French-themed party. Coarsely chopped meat, barbecue, baked chicken thighs, shish kebab, balyki, and ham will be popular here. Stews and pilaf with vegetables in large containers are also suitable.
Don’t be afraid to add some spice to your dishes – it’s appropriate today! Drinks also require a choice. Cowboys go great with tequila, whiskey, beer and (yes!) milk! The latter is generally their native drink. But the Indians have their own favorite “drink of the gods” made from cocoa beans and various spices. In short, make them cocoa; without it, the Indians did not have a single feast.

In conclusion. Don't forget to take a lot of photos. They will certainly turn out to be exclusive.

Let your friends appreciate your hard work and you'll have a great time kicking your heels off the hardwood floor and shouting that "if there's no meat in the roast beef, it's not roast beef" or "The sheriff doesn't care about Indian problems"!